WELLINGTON’S OPERATIONS IN THE PENINSULA 1808-1814 (Two Volumes)

Written almost a century after the events they describe, Lewis Butler’s two volumes on Wellington’s Peninsula War campaigns have rightly been judged a classic of military history. The story of how the Iron Duke turned disaster into triumph, and defeat into a final victory, has surely never been told with more authority. Butler’s first volume begins with the Spanish popular revolt against the imposition of Napoleon’s brother Joseph as their king and their appeal to Britain for aid. Early British disasters culminate in Sir John Moore’s retreat and death at Corunna. Wellington fought back at the battles of Talavera and Busaco, but was compelled by Marshal Massena to retreat once more into Portugal, and only his foresight in constructing the impregnable lines of Torres Vedras, and denuding the country before them, saved the day. The first volume concludes with Wellington taking the offensive again at the battle of Fuentes d’ Onoro and Albuera. Volume Two begins with Wellingotn besieging and storming Badajoz and Ciudad Roderigo. These successes are followed by the difficult but decisive campaign culminating in Wellington’s victory over Marshal Marmont at Salamanca and his entry into Madrid. After a difficult winter, Wellington once again resumes the offensive, defeats Marshal Soult at Vitoria and chases him over the Pyrenees and out of Spain. But Soult’s stubborn rfesistance continues at the battles of Nivelle, the Nive, and Orthez as the fighting moves towards Toulouse where Wellington fights his final, victoriuous battle of the war as news of Napoleon’s abdication arrives. Both volumes are liberally illustrated with maps and sketches of the battles and other operations. What Napoleon called his ‘Spanish ulcer’ has never been more minutely described and dissected, with the author paying a military man’s due attention to the sinews of war as well as to the action.